Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, histopathological features, diagnosis, and therapeutic characteristics of granulomatous rosacea (GR), thereby enhancing the clinical physicians' understanding of this condition.Methods This study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological features of 14 cases of GR at Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital from June 2019 to May 2021. Results Among 14 patients, 11 were female, and 3 were male. The most frequently involved area was the cheek, and none of the patients showed extrafacial lesions. Histologically, the mixed type was the most common (64.29%, 9/14), followed by the perifollicular type (28.57%, 4/14) and nodular type (7.14%, 1/14). None of the biopsy specimens showed diffuse granulomatous infiltration.Among the confirmed cases, 71.43% (10/14) of patients had previously received oral treatments such as antihistamines, hydroxychloroquine, or tetracycline antibiotics, but the therapeutic effects were unsatisfactory. After diagnosis, the patients adopted the treatment plan of oral isotretinoin combined with low-dose prednisone, resulting in gradual subsidence of the skin lesions.Conclusions GR is more common in middle-aged women. The typical skin lesions are symmetrical papules and erythema on both cheeks with mild subjective symptoms. The histopathological feature is primarily a mixed type of non-caseous epithelioid cell granuloma. The clinical misdiagnosis rate of GR is high, and a clear diagnosis should be made by combining the characteristic clinical manifestations with histopathological examination. Oral isotretinoin combined with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy has proven effective.

Objective To explore the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy combined with nano-silver antibacterial dressings in the treatment of burn wounds in children. Methods A total of 120 burned children admitted to our hospital from November 2023 to May 2025 were randomly divided into a control group (60 cases) and an observation group (60 cases). The control group was treated with negative pressure wound therapy, while the observation group was treated with negative pressure wound therapy combined with nano-silver medical antibacterial dressings. After 10 days of treatment, the vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to assess the degree of scar hyperplasia, while the degree of pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the levels of inflammatory factors, including CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, were measured before treatment and 10 days after treatment using ELISA. Additionally, we compared the wound healing time, hospital stay, and dressing change frequency between the two groups.Results The wound healing time, hospital stay, dressing change frequency, and VSS score in the observation group were all significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 10 days of treatment, the VAS scores and the levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 in the serum of patients in both groups were lower than those before treatment, with the observation group showing lower levels than the control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion The application of negative pressure wound therapy combined with nano-silver medical antibacterial dressings in the treatment of burned children can significantly improve wound healing, alleviate inflammation and pain, and accelerate the recovery process.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanisms of Guomin Decoction (GMD) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) using network pharmacology, and to verify the regulatory effects of its core components in cell cultures. Methods The active components and corresponding targets of GMD were retrieved from TCMSP and relevant literature. Targets related to AD were obtained from OMIM and Genecards databases. Common targets were identified and imported into the String database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to screen core targets, which were then visualized using Cytoscape software. A cell model of AD was established by treating HaCaT cells with histamine. Intervention groups were treated with quercetin and kaempferol at different concentrations (1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L). The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in cell supernatants were detected by ELISA, and the mRNA expression levels of STAT3 and MAPK1 were measured by RT-PCR to verify the effects of the core components. Results A total of 36 active components of GMD were identified, corresponding to 1 161 drug targets. A total of 1 780 AD-related disease targets were obtained, and 383 drug-disease common targets were finally determined. PPI network analysis combined with the Cytohubba plugin screened out core targets, including STAT3, MAPK1, RELA, JUN, MAPK8, and TNF-α. GO enrichment analysis showed that the core targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as “inflammatory response” and “regulation of MAPK cascade reaction”. KEGG enrichment analysis confirmed that these targets were significantly enriched in 10 key pathways, including the TNF signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results of cell cultures showed that, compared with the AD model group, the quercetin and kaempferol (at 5 μmol/L) significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatants (P<0.01) and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of the core targets' STAT3 and MAPK1 (P<0.05), effectively inhibiting the inflammatory response in the cell model of AD. Conclusions GMD acts on 383 common disease targets through 36 active components to regulate 10 key pathways, such as those involving TNF and JAK-STAT. Its core components, quercetin and kaempferol, can significantly reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and downregulate the mRNA expression of STAT3 and MAPK1 in the cell model of AD, thereby effectively inhibiting the inflammatory response.

Objective To verify the effects of a cost-effective, low-concentration, and sensitive scalp-friendly anti-hair loss cherry blossom composition (PSC), aimed at overcoming the limitations of existing strategies which focus solely on stopping hair loss while neglecting the scalp care, and the reliance on a single cherry blossom extract at high concentration.Methods The composition of PSC was prepared, and the DPPH antioxidant assay was used to evaluate its free radical scavenging ability. The inhibition of PSC on TNF-α and IL-1β was assessed to evaluate its soothing effect. The effects of PSC on oil control and prevention of hair loss were measured by assessing the inhibition of 5α-reductase activity in both the liver and epididymis. A total of 30 subjects with sensitive scalps were enrolled in this study. A 12-week clinical trial was conducted to evaluate hair loss and overall hair density, and a questionnaire was used to assess the scalp condition, hair density, and prevention of hair loss.Results The DPPH radical scavenging rate of PSC was 8.03%. PSC inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β by 30.70% and 44.40%, respectively, while inhibiting 5α-reductase by 42.59% (epididymis-derived) and 37.50% (liver-derived). Treatment of the scalp with a scalp essence for 12 weeks decreased hair loss by 14.79% (P<0.001), while increasing hair density by as much as 33.33%, with an average increase of 5.32% (P<0.05). Questionnaires showed that over 80% of participants reported decreased scalp sebum secretion, reduced sensitivity or discomfort, and noticeable reduction in hair loss.Conclusion PSC with a low concentration of PS can achieve the dual efficacy in scalp care and anti-hair loss, providing a highly effective and cost-efficient solution for individuals with sensitive scalps.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combined treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections, triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) injections, and pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy for pathological scars. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids diagnosed at Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital from January 2022 to September 2023. The treatment protocol for one cycle (3 months) comprised a single perilesional injection of BTX-A in the first month, followed by intralesional injection of TAC solution combined with PDL therapy in both the second and third months. Patients received 2 to 4 such cycles. Evaluations were performed before treatment, at 6 months (mid-treatment), and at the 6-month follow-up after treatment completion. Assessment tools included the vancouver scar scale (VSS) and a physician's global assessment, and adverse events were recorded. Results Twelve patients (4 males, 8 females), aged 23-65 years (mean: 38.4 years), with 15 scars were included. The VSS scores were 10.60±2.64 at pre-treatment, 6.33 ± 2.90 at mid-treatment, and 4.53±2.39 at the 6-month follow-up. The differences in VSS scores across these time points were statistically significant (F=101.71, P<0.001). The VSS score at mid-treatment was significantly lower than the pre-treatment score, with a further significant reduction at the 6-month follow-up compared to the pre-treatment (both P<0.001). Clinical assessment indicated significant improvement in 10 scars and improvement in 5 scars, resulting in a significant improvement rate of 66.67% and an overall effective rate of 100%. Mild adverse events were observed in four cases, including telangiectasia (2 cases), folliculitis (1 case), and local epidermal necrosis (1 case). Conclusion The combination therapy of BTX-A, TAC injections, and PDL significantly improves pathological scars with minimal adverse effects.

Objective To analyze outpatient experience satisfaction and its influencing factors among dermatology patients at a tertiary public hospital, and to improve dermatologists' understanding of patients' needs while enhancing the overall quality of medical services in dermatology. Methods From June to September 2024, an outpatient satisfaction questionnaire was distributed via SMS to patients on the day of their visit to the dermatology clinic of Shenzhen University Affiliated South China Hospital. The patients' satisfaction with medical services and its determinants were analyzed.Results A total of 762 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall satisfaction rate was 87.53%. Regarding overall impression of the hospital, patients with infectious diseases reported the highest satisfaction rate (88.72%), while patients with disfigurement-related diseases reported the lowest (82.08%). In terms of medical care and treatment attitude, the satisfaction rate of patients with inflammatory diseases and acute conditions was lower than that of patients with infectious diseases and chronic conditions. Additionally, the satisfaction rate of pediatric patients was lower than that of elderly patients, and the satisfaction rate of young patients was lower than that of middle-aged patients (P<0.05). Regarding process and queuing, the satisfaction rate for patients with surgical and disfigurement-related diseases was lower than that for patients with infectious diseases (P<0.05), and young patients reported lower satisfaction compared to middle-aged patients (P<0.05). In terms of medical insurance fees, the satisfaction rate among patients with surgical conditions was lower than that of patients with infectious diseases (P<0.05). Regarding hospital infrastructure and services, patients with disfigurement-related diseases, chronic conditions, and elderly patients had lower satisfaction rates compared to those with infectious diseases, acute conditions, and young patients (P<0.05).Conclusions The satisfaction of dermatology outpatients across various dimensions was influenced by age, clinical duration, and disease type. Further enhancements are needed in the domains of medical care/attitude, process/queuing, medical insurance/charges, and hospital infrastructure/services.

This article reports a case of SCACP in a 27-year-old female with a congenital scalp mass for 27 years, which exhibited surface ulceration and crusting in the recent 2 years. Pathological examination revealed infiltrative growth of the tumor with basaloid and squamous differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed BerEP4 (+), EMA (+), P40 (+), GCDFP-15 (+), CK7 (+), and Ki-67 (10%+). This article also systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of SCACP. In addition, it discusses the principles of staging, surgical treatment strategies (including indications for lymph node dissection),the clinical significance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the application value of NGS testing in targeted therapy selection. Furthermore, it analyzes the key factors affecting prognosis and strategies for improving survival rate, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Three cases of classic Kaposi's sarcoma are reported and the relevant literature is reviewed. Case 1 was a 69-year-old man. Purplish-red papules and nodules on both feet lasted for 3 years and worsened for half a year. Dermatological examination revealed multiple dark purplish-red papules and nodules of varying sizes on both dorsal feet, soles, dorsal hands, and palms. Some were hemispherical in shape, while others fused into plaques. Black scabs were noticed on some surfaces, accompanied by a moderate texture and mild tenderness. Both lower limbs exhibited non-pitting edema. Case 2 was a 70-year-old man with purplish-red papules and nodules on both lower legs and feet for 4 years. Dermatological examination showed dark purplish-red papules and nodules on both lower legs, dorsal feet, and the right ankle. Some of these were hemispherical, with a rough and thick surface, without tenderness. Both lower limbs had non-pitting edema. Case 3 involved a 73-year-old man who experienced purplish-red papules and nodules on the left lower leg for 2 years, with worsening over the past month. Dermatological examination revealed multiple dark purplish-red nodules measuring 0.5-1 cm in diameter on the left lower leg, appearing hemispherical with slight tenderness. The HIV antibody test for all three patients was negative. Histopathological examination of all three patients showed characteristic features of spindle cells and vascular proliferation, with positive immunohistochemical staining for CD34, CD31, HHV8, and Fil-1. Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, skin histopathological examination, and immunohistochemistry. Follow up: Patient 1 discontinued treatment due to personal financial reasons. Patients 2 and 3 received regular radiation therapy at the Cancer Radiotherapy Department of our hospital. After six months of treatment, a telephone follow-up was conducted. Patient 2 reported that most of the skin lesions had subsided, and treatment had been discontinued for one month, with occasional recurrence. After 7 months of treatment, a follow-up call was made to patient 3, who reported partial subsidence with occasional recurrence. The patient is currently still undergoing treatment.

We report a case of malignant hidroacanthoma simplex on the hip. An 85-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of a papule on her left hip. Dermatological examination showed a brown-colored hyperkeratotic plaque measuring 3 cm × 3 cm with irregular margins and visible surface crusts. Histopathological examination revealed marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and well-circumscribed intraepidermal tumor nests. Atypical cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic activity were observed within the tumor nests. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for EMA, CK14, CK20 (a few cells), and Cam5.2(a few cells) in the lesional skin. The diagnosis was malignant hidroacanthoma simplex. Complete excision was performed, and no recurrence was observed during the 12-month follow-up period.

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the pathogen responsible for the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Its unique intracellular survival mode and complex immune evasion mechanisms enable it to establish long-term infections within the host, triggering severe chronic pathological reactions. This review provides insights into Ct's biological characteristics and various innate immune evasion strategies. The key roles of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and crucial innate immune cells in host anti-infection responses are emphasized. The molecular mechanisms by which Ct achieves immune evasion, such as interfering with the γ-interferon response, manipulating host cell death, and inhibiting antigen presentation, are also elaborated.

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits warm seawater, and the wound infections it causes are characterized by critical severity and rapid progression, with an extremely high mortality rate. The clinical manifestations are diverse and can rapidly progress from localized wound infections to necrotizing fasciitis or even fatal sepsis. Current standard treatment emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration and early intervention, with diagnosis requiring a combination of epidemiological history, typical clinical manifestations, and laboratory and imaging examinations. The key to treatment lies in early and adequate empirical antibiotic therapy, which includes the use of third-generation cephalosporins combined with tetracyclines, along with prompt and thorough surgical debridement. In the face of challenges such as antibiotic resistance, emerging therapies, including phage therapy, monoclonal antibodies targeting RtxA1 toxins, topically applied nano-silver dressings, and antimicrobial peptides, show great potential. This article systematically reviews the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection, covering its pathogenic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and the latest diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Future research directions include the development of rapid bedside diagnostic technologies, optimization of individualized dosing regimens, and the promotion of clinical translation of novel antimicrobial strategies. Establishing an integrated management system that combines rapid diagnosis, precise debridement, rational drug use, and cutting-edge adjuvant therapies will be central to improve patient outcomes.

In recent years, the mechanisms of damage and repair of the skin barrier have evolved from traditional factors (physical, chemical, biological, hereditary, etc.) to the levels of molecules, genes, and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, attempts have been made to elaborate on their association with skin diseases. Correspondingly, emerging repair strategies have been continuously developed, such as molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, modulation of signaling pathway, the application of new materials, microecological modulation, optoelectronic technology, and traditional Chinese medicine. These strategies provide new solutions and ideas for the treatment of skin barrier-related diseases. However, many key issues remain unresolved. This article elaborates on the research progress in the mechanisms of skin barrier damage and repair, and provides perspectives on future research directions.