Objective To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Liangxue Xiaoban Granules (LXG) on psoriasis using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro validation. Methods The active compounds and putative targets of LXG were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and the HERB database. Psoriasis-related targets were retrieved from the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The overlapping drug- and disease-related targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and perform Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was subsequently conducted between the core compounds and key targets. A psoriasis-like inflammatory model was established using HaCaT keratinocytes. The cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the safe and effective intervention concentrations of LXG. Cells were divided into control, model, low-dose LXG (100 μg/mL), high-dose LXG (200 μg/mL), and dexamethasone positive control (1 μmol/L) groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Results Network pharmacology analysis identified 189 active compounds, 761 putative drug targets, 661 psoriasis-related targets, and 72 overlapping drug-disease targets. The core targets in the PPI network included IL-6, GAPDH, IL-1β, NFKB1, EGFR, IL-10, MMP9, CD4, HIF1A, and JUN. Enrichment analysis implicated Th17 cell differentiation, the IL-17 signaling pathway, and other psoriasis-related biological processes. Molecular docking indicated that glycyroside and evofolin B could interact with EGFR, GAPDH, IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-10 through multiple noncovalent interactions. In vitro experiments showed that LXG at 12.5-200 μg/mL exerted no significant cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells, whereas 400 and 800 μg/mL significantly reduced cell viability. Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased cell viability and elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-8, and ROS (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, treatment with LXG at 100 or 200 μg/mL reduced inflammatory cytokine release and ROS production to varying degrees (all P<0.05). Conclusion LXG may exert potential anti-psoriatic effects through the synergistic regulation of multiple compounds, targets, and pathways, particularly the IL-17/Th17-related inflammatory network, while suppressing abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, inflammatory cytokine release, and oxidative stress.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of electrocautery needling combined with basic medication in the treatment of progressive non-segmental vitiligo. Methods A self-controlled study was conducted on 36 patients with progressive non-segmental vitiligo admitted from May 2023 to March 2024. Three vitiligo lesions with similar location and size from each patient were randomly assigned to the electrocautery needling group, the filiform needle group, or the control group. All patients received oral glycyrrhizin tablets and topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment as basic treatment and were treated simultaneously with electrocautery needles or fine needles, respectively. Lesion images were obtained before treatment and at weeks 4, 8, and 12, and changes in vitiligo area were analyzed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0. The repigmentation rate, total effective rate, onset time, and adverse events were recorded 12 weeks after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results Ultimately, 30 patients were enrolled and completed the study. The total effective rate of the electrocautery needling group (90.0%) was significantly higher than those of the filiform needle group (70.0%) and the control group (40.0%). The repigmentation rate [(48.98±26.04) %] was also higher than those of the filiform needle group [(35.20±20.72) %] and the control group [(16.77±11.65) %]. The onset time [(4.50±1.93) weeks] was earlier than those of the filiform needle group [(6.63±2.53) weeks] and the control group [(8.77±1.93) weeks], All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). No serious adverse events such as Koebner phenomenon or lesion expansion occurred in any group. Conclusions Electrocautery needling combined with basic medication is effective, rapid-acting, and safe for progressive non-segmental vitiligo, warranting clinical promotion and application.

To report a case of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis type 7 caused by a LIPH gene mutation and review relevant literature. The patient was a 4-year-old boy with sparse hair since infancy. Dermatological examination revealed only a few scattered fine hairs, mildly sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, and a few small white papules on the scalp. The hair showed no curling, dryness, or roughness, and there was no scalp erythema, atrophy, or induration. The teeth, fingernails, toenails, and sweating were normal. Genetic testing identified a homozygous missense variant, c.614A>G (p.His205Arg), in LIPH (NM_139248). His parents were heterozygous carriers at this locus. These findings supported the diagnosis of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex type 7.

Objective To understand changes in the burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) among Chinese residents under the age of 20 from 1990 to 2021, and to provide evidence for the developing prevention and control strategies for adolescents by comparing these trends with global patterns. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, we obtained the number and crude rates of AD among residents under 20 years old in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated to assess temporal trends in disease burden. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to analyze age, period, and cohort effects. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were employed to forecast the trends in the AD burden among adolescents in China and globally from 2022 to 2030. Results The AD burden among the population under 20 years old in China shows fluctuating trends, while the global burden exhibits a declining trend. The burden is higher among females than males. The age effect indicates that children under 5 years in China and children under 10 years globally are at high risk of AD onset and prevalence among adolescents. The period effect indicates that China experienced a significant increase in incidence and disease risk from 2017 to 2021, in contrast to the overall declining global trend. The cohort effect indicates that the incidence and disease risk for the 2017-2021 cohort in China showed a significant increase, while the global 2017-2021 cohort exhibited a slight upward trend. The ARIMA model predicts that the overall AD burden among adolescents in China and globally will show a downward trend from 2027 to 2030. Conclusions The gender and age characteristics of the disease burden of AD among residents under 20 years of age in China and globally are distinct, with the burden being higher among females than males and concentrated primarily during childhood. Unlike the overall declining trend globally, the prevalence and DALYs burden of AD in China showed slight increases. Recent changes in indicators in China suggest a need to strengthen continuous surveillance of young children and females. However, the underlying causes still require verification using data from multiple sources. In the future, prevention and control authorities should further enhance public education and training for children and implement targeted preventive interventions.

Objective To explore the application of structured skin management combined with predictive nursing among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy through an implantable venous access port. Methods Eighty breast cancer patients admitted to Ji'an Central People's Hospital from November 2024 to November 2025 who underwent chemotherapy with an implantable venous access port were enrolled. Participants were divided into a control group (n=40) and an observation group (n=40) by random envelope method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received structured skin management combined with predictive nursing. Both groups received nursing interventions for 2 months. The incidence of port-related complications and local skin adverse reactions at the puncture point were compared between the two groups. The Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) scale was used to assess self-care agency, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate psychological status, and the Quality of Life Questionnaire-core 30 (QLQ-C30) was used to measure quality of life. Results The observation group exhibited lower rates of port-related complications (5.00% vs. 22.50%, $\chi$²=5.17, P=0.023) and local skin adverse reactions at the puncture site (2.50% vs. 20.00%, $\chi$² =4.51, P=0.034) relative to the control group. After intervention, the observation group achieved significantly higher scores across all four ESCA domains (self-care skills, self-concept, self-care responsibility, health knowledge) (all P<0.05). Post intervention, the HAMD and HAMA scores were lower in the observation group (t=3.24, P=0.002; t=2.96, P=0.004). For the QLQ-C30, the observation group had higher functional scale and global quality-of-life scores (t=2.75, P=0.008; t=2.37, P=0.008), and lower symptom scale and single-item scores (t=2.14, P=0.036; t=2.77, P=0.007). Conclusion The implementation of structured skin management combined with predictive nursing in breast cancer patients receiving port chemotherapy can effectively reduce the risk of port-related complications and skin adverse reactions, improve self-care ability, and improve psychological status and quality of life.

We report a case of asymmetric granulomatous rosacea. A 65-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of recurrent facial erythema, papules and nodules accompanied by paroxysmal flushing. Dermatological examination revealed asymmetric erythema on both cheeks, with multiple firm, millet to green bean-sized papules and nodules on the cheeks and forehead. Diascopy demonstrated that the lesions appeared brownish-yellow. Skin CT showed heterogeneous spongiform edema in the epidermis, superficial dermal fibrous tissue proliferation, and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis, accompanied by increased blood flow in numerous horizontally oriented blood vessels. Histopathology of the skin lesion revealed epithelial cells granulomas in the mid-to-upper dermis, accompanied by mild caseous necrosis, multinucleated giant cells infiltration, and a sparse surrounding lymphocytes infiltrate. A diagnosis of granulomatous rosacea was made. The patient was treated with oral doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine, methylprednisolone, and topical metronidazole gel. After two months of treatment, the erythematous papules were significantly reduced, and the flushing symptoms resolved completely. No new lesions developed during 1-year follow-up.

A case of diabetes-associated annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is reported. A 55-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of multiple annular erythema and papules on the neck and dorsum of both hands. Dermatological examination showed multiple scattered, soybean-sized, dark purplish-red papules on the neck and dorsum of both hands, with some coalescing into annular or subcircular plaques ranging from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. These lesions exhibited well-defined borders with raised edges, central areas showing mild atrophy and hypopigmentation, without hyperkeratosis, scaling, or ulceration on the surface. Oral mucosa or ocular conjunctiva was normal. Histopathological examination of the lesions showed a largely normal epidermis and patchy inflammatory cell infiltration in the superficial dermis, predominantly composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Multinucleated giant cells were visible, containing phagocytosed degenerated elastic fibers. Elastic fiber staining revealed degeneration and reduction of elastic fibers in the granulomatous area, with phagocytosed elastic fibers visible within multinucleated giant cells. Based on the clinical and pathological features, the diagnosis of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was confirmed. The patient was treated with topical clobetasol propionate cream (once daily in the morning) and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment (once daily in the evening), combined with oral metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets (1.0 g/day) for glycated control. After 8 weeks, the skin lesions had significantly subsided and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased to 6.2%. The patient is currently under follow-up.

Skin aging is a progressive biological process driven by the interplay between endogenous degenerative alterations and exogenous environmental exposures, which manifests as a macroscopic phenotypic hallmark of organismal senescence. The exposome framework highlights that skin aging results from the cumulative and interactive effects of endogenous and exogenous exposures throughout life. Existing academic research has predominantly focused on overt extrinsic pro-aging stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation and environmental contamination, while largely neglecting sleep disturbance as a critical endogenous regulatory factor. Notably, the upstream mechanisms by which sleep disturbance modulates skin aging, as well as its amplifying effects, remain to be systematically elucidated. Based on the exposome framework, this review systematically categorizes the clinical subtypes of sleep disorders, clarifies the multifaceted mechanisms underlying sleep disturbance-mediated skin aging, and further explores the synergistic crosstalk between sleep dysfunction and exogenous pro-aging factors. Mechanistically, sleep disorders accelerate cutaneous aging through multiple molecular and physiological pathways, including the disruption of cutaneous peripheral circadian rhythms, impairment of DNA repair systems, compromise of epidermal barrier integrity, activation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, dysregulation of neuroendocrine homeostasis, and attenuation of the endogenous protective effects of melatonin. Furthermore, sleep disorders exert a unique biological amplification effect on skin aging. It profoundly compromises cutaneous defense capacity and sensitizes the skin to damage induced by multiple extrinsic insults, such as ultraviolet irradiation, environmental pollutants, and psychological stress. This review also critically evaluates current research limitations, including the shortage of large-sample longitudinal cohort studies, inadequate causal corroboration, and the scarcity of targeted interventional clinical trials. Collectively, this review confirms that sleep disturbance serves as an independent upstream risk factor for skin aging, which remodels cutaneous aging trajectories through multi-pathway mechanisms and synergistically exacerbates exogenous damage. Integrating sleep rhythm regulation into the skin aging exposome provides a novel theoretical foundation for unraveling underlying mechanisms and developing targeted anti-aging intervention strategies.

Psychological distress is highly prevalent and clinically complex among patients with pathological scars, with psychological reactions varying significantly depending on scar etiology and anatomical location. The conventional standardized psychological support model fails to address this heterogeneity, resulting in insufficient intervention precision, poor patient adherence, and weak interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical practice. Grounded in the stepped-care model, the stratified psychological intervention strategy utilizes standardized tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and Dermatology Life Quality Index for risk stratification, based on which differentiated intervention resources are allocated. This study reviews the research progress on tiered psychological intervention management for patients with pathological scars. The approach has established a preliminary research framework spanning from theoretical foundations to clinical implementation pathways, offering promising prospects for improving intervention precision and resource efficiency of psychological services for this patient population.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common cutaneous malignancy. Given the differences in biological behavior and invasive extent across various histologic subtypes, precise characterization of tumor features is important for individualized clinical decision-making. In recent years, a variety of non-invasive imaging modalities have been progressively integrated into the diagnosis and clinical management of BCC. Dermoscopy is optimal tool for first-line screening and the identification of pathognomonic superficial features. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) provides near-histologic visualization of superficial microstructures. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) primarily enables cross-sectional evaluation of tissue architecture, facilitating lesion triage and post-therapeutic surveillance. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT), with its higher spatial resolution, aids in diagnosing challenging lesions and histologic subtype assessment. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is mainly used for the preoperative evaluation of tumor thickness and deep tissue invasion. Two-photon microscopy (TPM) provides multidimensional information on cellular morphology, metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of image interpretation and facilitate multimodal data integration. This review summarizes the latest advances in non-invasive imaging techniques and AI-assisted image analysis for BCC evaluation, highlights their clinical applications, strengths, and limitations, and explores the future development of non-invasive imaging-based diagnostic strategies for BCC.