The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TXA with other therapies for melasma.Melasma is a common acquired skin condition characterized by hypermelanosis, causing light to dark patches, and is the most prevalent in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ to Ⅵ. It is a complex condition with an unclear etiology, often influenced by factors such as excessive sun exposure and hormonal changes. Treating melasma poses significant challenges for healthcare providers, primarily due to its tendency to reoccur. This makes management strategies crucial for achieving lasting results and improving patient outcomes. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, yielding 10 studies encompassing 455 participants. The analysis incorporated oral, topical, and injectable forms of TXA, with treatment durations ranging from 8 weeks to 1 year. Pooled results using a random-effects model indicated a moderate effect size of 0.477, suggesting TXA's efficacy in reducing melasma severity. However, high heterogeneity (I²=97.62%) reflected variations in study protocols, TXA delivery methods, and patient demographics.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Qinghuang ointment on psoriasis and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Methods Twenty-five mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: blank control group, model group, Qinghuang ointment group, positive control group, and vehicle control group, with 5 mice per group. Except for the blank controls, all mice were treated topically with 5% imiquimod cream once daily for seven days to establish a psoriasis model. The Qinghuang ointment group and the positive control group were topically treated with Qinghuang ointment and clobetasol propionate urea cream, respectively, for 7 days, while mice treated with vehicle alone served as vehicle controls. The mice were observed daily for changes in erythema, scaling, and skin thickness on their backs, and PASI scores were recorded. On day 8, the stratum corneum hydration (SC), transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL), and pH value on the back skin were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to examine histopathological changes in the back skin. The spleen index was calculated. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and IFN-γ, in skin tissues were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results Starting from day 2, all groups except the blank control group began to develop erythema, scaling, and thickened skin lesions on their backs. The severity in the Qinghuang ointment group was reduced compared to the model group. The histopathological examination showed that compared to the model group, the Qinghuang ointment group reduced epidermal thickening, and decreased hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and inflammatory cells. Compared with the model and vehicle groups, mice in the Qinghuang ointment group showed significant reductions in PASI scores, reaching levels comparable to those in the positive control group. Moreover, Qinghuang ointment increased SC, decreased TEWL and the spleen index, while downregulating the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 (all P<0.05 vs. model group). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of TNF-α、IL-17, and IL-23 mRNA between the positive group and the Qinghuang ointment group. There were no significant differences in either pH (F=1.22, P=0.335) or IFN-γ mRNA expression (F=2.49,P=0.088) among the five groups. Conclusions Qinghuang ointment has a good therapeutic effect on psoriasis in mice, and its mechanism may be related to improving skin barrier function, modulating immune responses, and inhibiting Th1/Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory response.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with Q-switched laser and chemical peeling (α hydroxyl acid) for the treatment of stable melasma. Methods A total of 93 patients with stable melasma were recruited and randomly divided into group A (oral TXA+ chemical peels) with 31 cases, group B (oral TXA+Q-switched laser) with 32 cases, and group C (oral TXA+Q-switched laser+chemical peeling) with 30 cases. After the treatment, the efficacy was evaluated, and adverse reactions were observed. Results After 12-week treatment, the total effective rate in group C (80.00%) was significantly higher than that in group A (29.03%) and group B (56.25%) (both P<0.05 vs. group C). Skin lesion color, lesion area, and mMASI scores were lower in group C compared to groups A and B (both P<0.05 vs. group C). No severe adverse reactions occurred in any patients during the treatment. Conclusion The combination of tranexamic acid, Q-switched laser, and chemical peeling is an effective treatment for stable melasma, with few adverse reactions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 35% glycolic acid combined with recombinant human interferon α-2β ointment for treating facial flat warts. Methods A total of 71 patients with flat warts who visited the Dermatology Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were randomized into a treatment group (36 cases) and a control group (35 cases) using a random number table. The treatment group received 35% glycolic acid therapy once every two weeks and topical recombinant human interferon α-2β ointment (four times daily), while the control group received only the interferon ointment (four times daily). Treatment was discontinued upon complete lesion resolution, with a maximum treatment duration of 3 months. After the treatment, the regression of skin lesions, adverse reactions, and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. Results Thirty-five patients completed the study in each group. The treatment group achieved a total effective rate of 77.14% (27/35, including 2 cured and 25 markedly improved cases), which was significantly higher than that of the control group, 42.86% (15/35, 1 cured and 14 improved) ($\chi$²=8.57, P=0.003). After a 3-month follow-up, the recurrence rate in the treatment group (11.43%) was slightly lower than that in the control group (20.00%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.342). No severe adverse reactions occurred in either group. Conclusion The combination of 35% glycolic acid and recombinant human interferon α-2β ointment is an effective treatment for facial flat warts, with few adverse reactions.

Objective To develop a sensitivity indicator system for perioperative nursing care for flap repair of malignant melanoma. Methods A research team was established to develop a perioperative nursing sensitivity indicator system for flap repair of malignant melanoma. This was achieved through literature review and the Delphi expert consultation method, using the 'structure-process-outcome' three-dimensional quality evaluation model as the framework. Results The authority coefficient of the experts in both rounds of consultations was 0.927, and the positive coefficient was 100%. There were significant differences in the Kendall harmony coefficients of the structure, process, and outcome indicators between the two rounds of consultation (P<0.001). After two consecutive rounds of expert consultations, a sensitive indicator system for perioperative nursing care for flap repair of malignant melanoma was finally established, consisting of 3 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 35 third-level indicators. The importance of all indicators exceeded 4.0 points, and the coefficient of variation was lower than 0.25. Conclusions The established perioperative nursing sensitivity indicator system for flap repair of malignant melanoma is scientific, reliable, comprehensive, and systematic, providing a scientific and rational assessment tool for the nursing care of patients with malignant melanoma.

Objective To examine the epidemiological trends and characteristics of syphilis in Guangzhou city and provide evidence for the development of effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Syphilis case data from Guangzhou, from 2004 to 2023, were collected through the infectious disease surveillance module of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDCIS). A Joinpoint regression model was applied for time trend analysis, calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results From 2004 to 2023, the overall reported incidence of syphilis in Guangzhou increased from 19.25/100 000 to 63.22/100 000 (AAPC=6.23%, P<0.001), while the reported incidence of early-stage syphilis declined from 12.46/100 000 to 6.73/100 000 (AAPC=-2.07%, P=0.116). The incidence of third-stage syphilis rose from 0.13/100 000 to 0.21/100 000 (AAPC=1.77%, P=0.343), whereas fetal syphilis decreased sharply from 0.97/100 000 to 0.02/100 000 (AAPC=-23.03%, P<0.001). Additionally, the incidence of occult syphilis increased significantly from 5.70/100 000 to 56.26/100 000 (AAPC=12.58%, P<0.001). For males, the incidence rose from 23.79/100 000 to 67.74/100 000 (AAPC=5.03%, P<0.001), while in females it increased from 21.28/100 000 to 58.22/100 000 (AAPC=5.06%, P<0.001). The highest annual increase was observed in the 10-19 age group (AAPC=17.23%, P<0.001). Furthermore, the AAPC for reported syphilis incidence in central and peripheral urban areas were 6.33% (Z=4.24, P<0.001) and 7.03% (Z=7.32, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions Overall the incidence of syphilis in Guangzhou has increased from 2004 to 2023, but has stabilized in recent years. Rates remain higher than the national average. While primary syphilis and congenital syphilis have declined, latent syphilis continues to increase. Measures should include raising public awareness, addressing the trend of younger infections, and expanding screening among key populations to ensure early detection, standardized treatment, and reporting, thereby controlling the spread of syphilis.

There are many kinds of skin diseases, most of which are difficult to cure and prone to recurrence. The traditional teaching modes of dermatology often make it difficult for students to apply theoretical knowledge to clinical practice, with certain limitations. The chronic disease management model is a scientific approach in which medical professionals systematically and continuously manage patients with chronic diseases to improve their quality of life and treatment outcomes. This study uses psoriasis as an example, applying the chronic disease management model to clinical teaching in dermatology. It emphasizes that students should follow their teachers throughout the management of patients with chronic diseases, including initial diagnosis, disease assessment and record-keeping, selection of treatment plans, evaluation of efficacy and safety, comorbidity management, and the importance of health education. Through theoretical instruction, case discussions, and practical operations, students can strengthen their understanding of relevant professional knowledge, improve the chronic disease management model, and provide new methods for improving the effectiveness of clinical teaching in dermatology.

We report a case of disseminated herpes zoster diagnosed by high-throughput sequencing. A 74-year-old female presented with a one-week history of abdominal pain and distension. Two months ago, she was diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis and received immunosuppressive therapy. One week ago, she developed unexplained abdominal pain. Pathogen DNA sequencing of ascitic fluid indicated varicella-zoster virus infection. Two days later, the patient developed clustered hemorrhagic blisters with pain on her left lower limb. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated herpes zoster. Despite active treatment, the therapeutic response was unsatisfactory. The patient did not pursue further treatment and is currently lost to follow-up.

We report a case of poroid hidradenoma on the nasal tip. A 64-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging subcutaneous mass on the nasal tip for two years. Dermatological examination revealed a palpable 1.2 cm×1.2 cm subcutaneous mass on the nasal tip, protruding approximately 0.3 cm above the skin surface. The mass had a smooth surface, soft texture, no cracking or scaling, and was well-defined from the surrounding tissue. Fluctuation was palpable, with no tenderness. The mass was mildly adherent to adjacent tissues and immobile. Ultrasound examination revealed a cystic subcutaneous lesion on the nasal tip, suggesting a sebaceous cyst. Skin histopathology showed tumor tissue consisted of numerous ducts and dense small glandular proliferation, with secretions in some glandular lumens, forming tumor-like nodules. The peripheral cells did not exhibit a palisading arrangement, and no notable retraction spaces were observed. The tumor cells were primarily small cuboidal cells with light pink-stained cytoplasm. The diagnosis was poroid hidroacanthoma. The tumor was completely excised under local anesthesia. Postoperative wound healing was successful, with no malignant transformation or recurrence during one year of follow-up.

Diagnosis of nail disorders often relies on the expertise of experienced clinicians. However, artificial intelligence (AI), which has achieved significant progress in the field of diagnosis of skin diseases in recent years, also holds great promise for the identification and auxiliary diagnosis of nail diseases. This review summarizes the imaging features of nail disorders, such as changes in color and morphology, and the corresponding requirements they pose for image processing algorithms. This paper also reviews examples of AI model applications in the auxiliary diagnosis of common nail diseases. For onychomycosis, multiple studies have developed various AI models based on different image types. In the case of nail psoriasis, existing AI models have mainly focused on automating severity scoring systems. For melanonychia, relevant AI models typically identify disease patterns through segmentation and/or classification approaches. In addition to nail diseases, AI models can also assist in diagnosing systemic conditions such as diabetes by analyzing microvascular changes and hemoglobin distribution in nail images. Although current models have their limitations, the continued accumulation of high-quality datasets, ongoing algorithmic advancements, and the development of standardized clinical applications are expected to make AI an indispensable tool in the auxiliary diagnosis of nail diseases.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central face, with approximately 6% to 72% of patients experiencing ocular involvement. Ocular rosacea shares a similar pathogenesis with cutaneous rosacea, involving immune responses, neurovascular dysfunction, and alterations in the ocular microbiome, which contribute to inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction. Common ocular manifestations include conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, and telangiectasia of the lid margin. However, these clinical features are nonspecific making diagnosis challenging, especially blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children, where the absence of skin symptoms often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Current treatment emphasizes a gradual and stepwise approach, with most management being empirical and symptomatic. Further exploration of effective, targeted treatment options is necessary. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment advancements of ocular rosacea to enhance clinicians' understanding of this disease.

Atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP) is the most common inflammatory skin disease during pregnancy, typically presenting with eczematous or pruritic lesions, with onset most frequently occurring in early to mid-pregnancy. AEP significantly impacts patients' quality of life, and its pathogenesis involves Th2 immune dominance during pregnancy, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and genetic susceptibility. Its diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation, medical history, and necessary laboratory tests, requiring differentiation from other pregnancy-related dermatoses such as pemphigoid gestationis. Treatment emphasizes an individualized approach, with safety as the primary concern. Basic therapy includes topical emollients and low-potency corticosteroids, while phototherapy is appropriate for refractory cases. In systemic treatment, cyclosporine may serve as a first-line immunosuppressant, whereas methotrexate is explicitly contraindicated. In recent years, JAK inhibitors (e.g., baricitinib) and biologics (e.g., dupilumab) have shown potential in AEP treatment, though their safety during pregnancy requires further evaluation. Clinical decision-making must balance disease control with fetal safety, and future research should focus on real-world data to optimize treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest advances in the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches for AEP.