Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of blue light combined with gel for skin photoaging in mice. Methods Twenty-five male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: blank control, model, blue light, gel, and blue light+gel (combination) groups, with five mice per group. Except for the blank control group, a UVA and UVB synergistic irradiation method was used to establish a photoaging model. Mice were irradiated with 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) from week 1 to week 4, followed by 2 MEDs in weeks 5 and 6. Concurrently, starting from the third week, blue light combined with gel therapy was administered on the last day of each week. The control group received no treatment. The gel group received only gel treatment for 6 minutes. The blue light group received only blue light irradiation for 6 minutes. The combined group received gel treatment, followed immediately by blue light therapy. After 6 weeks, dorsal skin samples were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and Masson's trichrome staining. Both cutaneous and serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Results After 6 weeks: The mouse skin exhibited desquamation, dryness, roughness, lesions, leathery texture, and hyperpigmentation. Either the blue light or gel group showed no significant improvements in skin desquamation, dryness, roughness, or leathery texture compared with the model group. Moreover, expression levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and collagen were not significantly upregulated compared with the model group (P>0.05). However, the combined group showed significant improvement in wrinkles, dryness, desquamation, and leathery texture. The expression levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the skin were significantly upregulated to levels comparable to normal (P<0.05), accompanied by a significant increase in collagen (P<0.001). TNF-α expression in the skin, as well as the serum levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and TNF-α, remained no significant change (P>0.05). Conclusions Blue light combined with gel can alleviate oxidation, reduce inflammation, and increase collagen in photoaged skin, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application in photoaging management.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of a sebum-regulating and balancing acid complex in treating scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD). Methods Thirty eligible SSD patients were enrolled in this single-arm, open-label, self-controlled study. The intervention consisted of four weekly scalp acid peeling sessions. Subjective symptoms (oiliness, itching, pain) were self-assessed by patients, while clinical signs (erythema, papules, scales) were evaluated by investigators via dermoscopy before each treatment. Fungal fluorescence staining of scalp scales was performed at baseline and post-treatment. Patients were followed up weekly for four weeks, starting two weeks after the last session. Results After four treatments, the subjective symptom scores (greasy sensation, itching, pain) and clinical sign scores (erythema, scaling, papules) of the subjects significantly decreased (P<0.01). The overall effective rate was 96.7%. Among the 27 patients who tested positive for fungi at baseline, 12 (44.44%) achieved complete fungal clearance after treatment. During the treatment period, two patients experienced transient mild itching of the scalp and fever, which resolved spontaneously after 30 minutes of observation, with no serious adverse reactions reported. During the 4-week follow-up, symptom and sign scores showed no significant changes (P>0.05), except for a further improvement in erythema. Conclusions The compound acid treatment significantly ameliorates symptoms such as greasiness, itching, and pain in patients with SSD, as well as signs like erythema, papules, and scales, while demonstrating good safety.

Objective To compare the positive rates of fluorescence quantitative PCR and liquid culture methods in detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and to conduct drug susceptibility analysis on specimens with isolated Uu positivity, thereby providing evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Uu infections. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the results of Uu detection by PCR and liquid culture methods in 368 cases at Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024.The positive rates of Uu detection by the two methods were compared. The data from samples positive for Uu by both methods were analyzed, and drug susceptibility analysis was conducted on specimens with isolated Uu positivity. Results There was a significant difference in the positive rates of Uu detection between PCR and liquid culture methods (P=0.004). A total of 71 patients were positive for Uu by both methods, yielding a positive rate of 19.29%, including 32 females (35.56%) and 39 males (14.03%). The proportion of females was significantly higher than that of males ($\chi^{2}$=20.23, P<0.001). Additionally, 98 cases were positive only by liquid culture method, representing a positive rate of 26.63%, while 80 cases were positive only by PCR method, with a positive rate of 21.74%. The consistency of detection results between the two methods was moderate (Kappa=0.734). The majority of patients who tested positive for Uu by both methods were concentrated in the 20~39 age group. Among 58 cases with isolated Uu positivity, the susceptibility rates to minocycline and josamycin were both 100%, and the susceptibility rates to doxycycline and clarithromycin were all above 90%. Conclusions There are differences in the positive rates of Uu detection between fluorescence quantitative PCR and liquid culture methods. Combined detection using both methods should be considered when necessary to enhance diagnostic accuracy. In clinical practice, minocycline, josamycin, doxycycline, and clarithromycin, which demonstrate high susceptibility, can be recommended as first-line treatments for Uu-positive patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of cutaneous malignancies in the population of South China. Methods A total of 648 patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous malignancies who visited the Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features and treatment patterns were summarized. Results Among the 648 patients (male-to-female ratio: 1.25 ∶1), squamous cell carcinoma (31.94%) and basal cell carcinoma (31.17%) were the most common malignancies, followed by cutaneous lymphomas (13.89%), dendritic cell and histiocytic tumors (13.27%), and melanoma (9.72%). The distribution of tumor types differed significantly between sexes (P=0.014). Patients aged ≥60 years accounted for the largest proportion (53.55%). Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominantly involved the head and face (91.10% and 48.79%, respectively). Melanoma mainly presented as the acral subtype (79.37%), while cutaneous lymphomas most often affected the trunk and extremities (62.22%). Nodular-type basal cell carcinoma was the most common histologic subtype (74.75%), with 78.22% classified as low-risk. In squamous cell carcinoma, invasive disease accounted for 91.79%. Female predominance was observed in melanoma (63.49%), with Clark level IV and Breslow thickness ≤1 mm being the most frequent. Cutaneous lymphomas were mainly of T/NK-cell origin (93.33%), with mycosis fungoides being the most common subtype (59.52%). Among dendritic cell and histiocytic tumors, xanthogranuloma predominated (82.56%). Surgical excision was the primary treatment modality for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (95.54% and 95.17%, respectively). Conclusions In South China, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are the most prevalent cutaneous malignancies, with elderly individuals and sun-exposed head and face regions representing high-risk groups. Melanoma is predominantly acral and more common in women, whereas cutaneous lymphomas occur relatively more frequently in younger patients and are mainly of T/NK-cell origin. These regional and age-related patterns provide important implications for precision diagnosis, risk assessment, and tailored management strategies for cutaneous malignancies.

Objective To analyze the infection status and genotyping of Human Papilloma virus (HPV) in women in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the local HPV vaccination strategy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 8 780 female patients underwent HPV testing in Shantou City between 2022 and 2024. The overall HPV infection rate, distribution of HPV genotypes, and age-specific characteristics of infection were analyzed. Results Out of 8 780 patients, 1 454 tested positive, and the HPV infection rate was 16.56%, with notably elevated rates in those aged 31-40 years and 41-50 years. Single high-risk genotypes accounted for the majority of infection cases. The top nine HPV genotypes identified included seven high-risk types and two low-risk types, namely: HPV 52 (17.42%), HPV 16(6.55%), HPV 53 (6.55%), HPV 51 (5.59%), HPV 58 (5.55%), HPV 68 (5.18%), HPV 18 (4.40%), as well as HPV 81 (6.42%) and HPV 43 (4.03%). Conclusions The HPV infection rate among women in Shantou is basically close to the overall level of women in mainland China. Sexually active women are the high-risk population for HPV infection. The 9-valent HPV vaccine has not been able to widely cover the susceptible HPV genetic subtypes in this region.

A 25-year-old woman presented with a four-year history of widespread erythema, blisters, and erosions, accompanied by pain that had worsened over the past week. Four years ago, she was diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) based on multiple oral ulcers, widespread erythema, and thin-walled blisters. Despite treatment with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics such as rituximab, her condition remained poorly controlled with recurrent flares. A general examination revealed cushingoid features, a buffalo hump, and a Body Mass Index of 28.08. The dermatological examination showed extensive erythema, flaccid bullae, erosions, and crusting on the scalp, trunk, and extremities, with profuse serous exudate. Erythematous bullous, verrucous plaques were also noted in the axillary and genital areas. The Pemphigus Disease Area Index score was 49. Laboratory tests revealed anti-Dsg1 antibodies at 237.8 U/mL and anti-Dsg3 antibodies at 174.5 U/mL. Skin secretion cultures grew multiple pathogenic organisms. The final diagnoses were pemphigus vulgaris, cutaneous infection, and drug-induced Cushing’s syndrome, and others. Following multidisciplinary consultation and informed consent, the patient received corticosteroids, methotrexate, and protein A immunoadsorption (PA-IA) therapy for a total of 10 sessions. After discharge, her autoantibody titers decreased, and skin lesions improved significantly. During a 6-month follow-up period, the patient remained lesion-free, with a sustained decline in pemphigus-related autoantibody titers.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of Chinese adults' attitudes towards premarital, extramarital, and homosexual sexual behaviors based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2023 (CGSS 2023), providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Methods Utilizing nationally representative data from CGSS 2023, a total of 5 252 valid adult samples were selected. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models were employed to analyze the impact of socio-demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and behavioral factors on the three types of sexual attitudes (premarital sexual behavior, homosexual behavior, extramarital sexual behavior). Results Significant differences were found in the acceptance of the three types of sexual behaviors among Chinese adults (P<0.001). Acceptance was highest for premarital sexual behavior (2.15±1.28), followed by homosexual behavior (1.60±1.03), and lowest for extramarital sexual behavior (1.25±0.67). Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that males showed higher acceptance of premarital and extramarital sexual behaviors (B=0.314, P<0.001; B=0.394, P<0.001), while females showed higher acceptance of homosexual behavior (B=-0.353, P<0.001). Younger and highly educated groups held more open attitudes towards premarital and homosexual behaviors (P<0.05). Individuals with a higher self-rated frequency of depressive symptoms showed greater acceptance of homosexual behavior (B=0.559, P=0.002). Conclusions The diverse sexual attitudes among Chinese adults, shaped by multiple factors, necessitate targeted risk-reduction education and behavioral interventions for populations with more permissive attitudes to prevent unsafe sex and lower STI rates.

A case of morphea-like basal cell carcinoma is reported. A 37-year-old female presented with a skin-colored, hard plaque on the medial side of her left eyelid, persisting for one year. Dermatological examination revealed a 3 cm×2 cm skin-colored plaque on the medial side of the left eyelid. The surface was smooth and felt firm upon palpation. Additionally, a 1 cm×1.5 cm reddish plaque was noted locally, exhibiting capillary dilation on the surface without tenderness to palpation. Histopathology of the lesion revealed multiple tumor masses within the dermis, composed of basophilic basaloid cells arranged in cord-like structures. The surrounding cells exhibited a palisading arrangement, accompanied by clefting artifacts. Proliferation of collagen fibers was evident in the interstitial spaces around the tumors. The diagnosis of morphea-like basal cell carcinoma was established. The patient's lesion was surgically excised. The patient recovered well after surgery and is currently under follow-up.

We report two cases of misdiagnosed subungual squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC). Case 1: A 50-year-old man presented with recurrent swelling and purulent discharge under the left middle fingernail for two years. The patient had been diagnosed with paronychia and pyogenic granuloma. Dermatological examination revealed a red, nodular, granulomatous lesion under the left middle fingernail, approximately 0.5 cm × 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm in size, with well-defined borders. A partial nail unit excision was performed, and postoperative histopathology showed multiple tumor cell clusters in the dermis that were connected to the epidermis, accompanied by the formation of squamous eddies and horn pearls. The tumor cells exhibited marked atypia and disordered arrangement. The diagnosis was subungual squamous cell carcinoma. Case 2: A 66-year-old woman presented with a painful subungual nodule on the left index finger for several months. She had been diagnosed with verruca vulgaris and subungual fibroma. Dermatological examination showed a red, soybean-sized nodule under the left index fingernail that protruded from the nail plate and the fingertip, with a rough and crusted surface. A partial nail unit excision was performed, and postoperative histopathology showed atypical tumor cell clusters connected to the epidermis, with the presence of mitosis and dyskeratosis. Postoperative diagnosis: Subungual squamous cell carcinoma. Both patients have been followed up after surgical excision and have not shown any signs of recurrence to date.

As the core effectors of humoral immunity, B cells play a complex and dynamic bidirectional regulatory role in local immune defense against the five traditional sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chancre, sexually transmitted lymphogranuloma, and inguinal granuloma. This article systematically reviews the response mechanisms of B cells within the infectious microenvironment and their clinical translational value. In syphilis, B cells participate in neural tissue damage and host defense through ectopic germinal center formation and specific antibody production. In gonorrhea, the dysfunction of B cells is due to pathogen-induced apoptosis and immunosuppression. The Haemophilus ducreyi in chancroid directly inhibits B cell proliferation through cytolethal distending toxin. In Lymphogranuloma Venereum, the B cells limit the spread of Chlamydia trachomatis through a dual mechanism of antibody neutralization and antigen presentation. In Granuloma Inguinale, B cells clear intracellular pathogens through antibody-macrophage synergy. These mechanisms provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers (such as CXCL13 and B cells), vaccine design (e.g., multi epitope vaccines and mucosal delivery systems), and targeted therapies (e.g., immunomodulators and toxin inhibitors). In the future, it is necessary to combine single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics technology to analyze the heterogeneity of B cell subpopulations and their dynamic interactions with the local microenvironment, in order to promote the precise development of immune prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of actinic keratosis (AK), and has demonstrated good clinical efficacy. This article reviews the efficacy of PDT using different photosensitizers, various light -regimens, and combined with different pretreatment methods, as well as the safety and patient satisfaction during PDT, to provide a basis for selecting clinical treatment regimens for AK.

Dupilumab inhibits Th2-mediated inflammatory responses by specifically blocking the signaling pathways of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. Recently, in addition to its approved indication for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, dupilumab has also shown efficacy in treating other inflammatory skin diseases, such as prurigo nodularis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, chronic hand eczema, chronic actinic dermatitis, lichen amyloidosis, chronic pruritus, cutaneous immune-related adverse events, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, alopecia areata, keloids, and some genetic skin diseases. This article reviews the progress of dupilumab in the treatment of non-atopic dermatitis skin diseases to provide more theoretical basis and treatment options for the clinicians.